مجله راهور
پیاپی 6 (پاییز 1392)

The driving has a close relationship with individual personality. Some of the abnormal
behaviors which is seen in driving is the result of psychological factors that causes
aggressive driving. The aim of this study is the determination of the role of personality
in risky driving, being nervous, extraversion and risky driving between different drivers.
This study is analytic which is conducted between 730 drivers of Kerman province in
five cities of Jiroft, Bam, Sirjan, and Ranfsanjan. The target population in every city is
divided to 3 main groups of normal, rural and urban drivers. The data was analyzed by
spss16 software. The result of this study showed that being nervous has high proportion
of risky driving and extraversion has no relation to the kinds of driving violations, and
the relation of agreeableness, conscientious with risky driving in different violated
drivers showed the highest mean of violation in normal drivers and lowest mean in
urban violated drivers.

The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of schema therapy in the treatment
of post-traumatic stress reactions following motor vehicle collisions Disorder. 1 patient
suffering from PTSD, being qualified in accordance with therapeutic conditions, they
under went the treatment process. The study employed a pretest, post-test, follow-up
(PPF) design and the patients in the study received a -2month,-12session schema therapy.
Beck Depression Inventory, and Young Schema Questionnaire Long Form were the
research tools. Repeated measurement were employed to analyze the data. Recovery
percentage was also applied to measure the clinical significance. The data analysis
revealed that schema therapy led to significant reductions in symptoms and healing the
early schemas. Moreover, there was no lessening of effectiveness with recovery rates
in the follow-up study, 2 month after the treatment. The large positive treatment effects
found in the schema therapy is more successful in replacing maladaptive schemas with
more healthy schemas, alleviating the severe symptoms of PTSD, reduction of suffering
a relapse related PTSD patients and achieving clinically significant and relevant
improvement.

The main concern of this study is the relationship of the probability of road accidents and
frost in the main roads of Semnan. The main of this study is identification of Semnan
main roads and frost impact on road accidents and determination of accident prone
places by GPS and presenting management strategies for reduction of it. This study is
analytic – descriptive which is conducted in 15 years period. The analytic result showed
time, place and ending distribution of frost. The beginning time of frost in mountain area
of semnan is in October and the end of frost is in march and in desert and plain it starts
in December and ends in Feburary.

In this paper, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been suggested as an
appropriate method for traffic management. This solution proposes a way to solve traffic
drawback in a better way and improve the existing methods. Obviously, using this new
method has some challenges, such as UAV path planning to carry out the mission. For
this, a path planning method has been suggested using realistic data with aim to avoid
threats. Hence, at first, by utilizing spatial analysis, threat obstacles and flight area has
been modelled. Then, the path planning has been done by graphical methods to guide
UAV with appropriate speed and accuracy, so that UAV does not collide the obstacles.
Dynamic parameters have been considered in planning and the cost function has been
minimized based on defined parameters as well. It is noteworthy that the applied
innovations, such as spatial modeling of obstaceles and the flight area, consideration of
all possible paths by k-shortest path algorithm ,data compression by quadtree and taking
the UAV physical capabilities, into account; have been made this method, flexible .It
means that the method depends on the circumstances; and it is possible to apply the
changes. This is also feasible to use analysis of the proposed method for optimal routing
and tracking of ground vehicles. Results reflect effectiveness of spatial analysis and the
designed method accuracy.

Driving has become a complex activity. It is obvious that careless driving is one of the
factors affecting highway accidents. Therefore, environment of roads is important to
support drivers in safe driving. One of the distraction factors is advertising signs on
the road that increase the amount of visual information and the scope of the driver.
Advertising billboards have a negative effect on line controlling and increase mental
load and the focus on the eyes and prolong the reaction time. In this research, a model is
designed to evaluate the safety problems, and to prepare this model, expert's opinions,
questionnaire, AHP method and Expert Choice software has been used. This model is
called the Index of the distraction effect. With the help of this model, the value of each
index through the observations and the status of billboards in each route examined and
decisions are made toward the distraction through advertising billboards on the path.
Based on these research results and other research to determine how much distraction
caused by billboards, appropriate procedures for our route and the extent of their impact
on safety is determined.

Today, driving accidents is the important concern of developing countries. In Iran
there are more fatalities and social and financial problems because of accidents. The
increasing number of accidents caused consideration of this problem as a social matter.
The correct usage of vehicle and broad training in this field is necessary and important.
The object of this study is identification of the effects of transportation training on Arak›s
fatalities and accidents reduction. This study is descriptive. Data collection is based
on the consideration of 83 drivers of heavy vehicles which were passed transportation
training and structured questionnaires. The results of the study showed that training has
a positive effect on the reduction of driving accidents and violations.